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Contingency proportion systematically influences contingency learning.

Noah D Forrin1, Colin M MacLeod2

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Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contingency learning effects in color-word tasks are stronger with higher word-color frequencies. This effect diminishes when word-color frequency drops to 40%, suggesting costs on low-contingency trials influence performance.

Keywords:
Attention and memoryAttention in learningPerceptual implicit memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perceptual Learning

Background:

  • The color-word contingency learning paradigm demonstrates how word-color associations influence task performance.
  • Faster color identification on high-contingency trials indicates a learned association, known as the contingency learning effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the proportion of high-contingency word-color pairings and the magnitude of the contingency learning effect.
  • To examine how varying high-contingency proportions (80% to 40%) impacts the development and characteristics of the contingency learning effect.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a color-word contingency learning task with five different high-contingency proportions (80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%).
  • The contingency learning effect was measured by comparing response times on high-contingency versus low-contingency trials.

Main Results:

  • The size of the contingency learning effect positively correlated with the high-contingency proportion.
  • The effect disappeared at the lowest high-contingency proportion (40%).
  • At higher proportions, the effect magnitude increased over trials, suggesting a growing cost associated with low-contingency trials.

Conclusions:

  • The contingency learning effect is dependent on the strength of the word-color association.
  • Results support a modified parallel episodic processing account, where memory retrieval of past instances influences current performance.
  • The findings highlight the role of learned associations and memory retrieval in perceptual learning and cognitive task performance.