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Meta-analysis on shift work and risks of specific obesity types.
1JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
Summary
Night shift work increases the risk of obesity and overweight. Permanent night shifts pose a higher risk, particularly for abdominal obesity, suggesting a need for schedule modifications.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Shift work is prevalent globally, impacting millions of workers.
- Growing evidence suggests a link between non-standard work hours and adverse health outcomes.
- Obesity is a major public health concern with significant comorbidities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between various shift work patterns and the risk of developing specific types of obesity.
- To quantify the risk of obesity associated with night shift work and different shift schedules.
- To identify specific obesity phenotypes more strongly linked to shift work.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search of observational studies was conducted in PubMed up to March 2017.
- Data on odds ratios for obesity were extracted and analyzed using fixed-effects or random-effects models.
- Subgroup analyses were performed based on study design, obesity type, and shift work characteristics.
Main Results:
- Twenty-eight studies were included, revealing an overall odds ratio of 1.23 for obesity/overweight associated with night shift work.
- Cross-sectional studies indicated a higher risk (1.26) compared to cohort studies (1.10).
- Abdominal obesity showed a higher odds ratio (1.35) among shift workers, and permanent night workers had a significantly higher risk (1.43) than rotating shift workers (1.14).
Conclusions:
- Night shift work is confirmed to elevate the risk of overweight and obesity, with a potential dose-response relationship, especially for abdominal obesity.
- The findings suggest that modifying working schedules, particularly reducing prolonged permanent night work, is advisable.
- Future research should employ more precise measurements of shift work patterns to refine understanding of these associations.
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