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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

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Clonal evolution in leukemia.

Adolfo A Ferrando1,2,3, Carlos López-Otín4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Nature Medicine
|October 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human leukemias are complex liquid cancers. Clonal evolution drives leukemia initiation, progression, and relapse, challenging traditional views and impacting therapy resistance understanding.

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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Genomics

Background:

  • Human leukemias are liquid malignancies involving bone marrow infiltration by transformed hematopoietic progenitors.
  • Tumor cells from blood or bone marrow are accessible for advanced molecular analysis.
  • Recent studies reveal complex clonal populations and genetic/epigenetic evolution in leukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts on clonal evolution in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia.
  • To discuss the role of clonal evolution in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse.
  • To explore implications for understanding leukemia transformation and therapy resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and concepts.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic data from leukemia studies.
  • Integration of single-cell molecular analysis findings.

Main Results:

  • Leukemia is not a homogeneous tumor but a dynamic system with evolving clonal populations.
  • Clonal evolution is a key driver of leukemia initiation and progression.
  • Understanding clonal dynamics is crucial for addressing therapy resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Clonal evolution provides a more accurate model of leukemia biology.
  • This dynamic view impacts therapeutic strategies for leukemia.
  • Further research into evolutionary mechanisms is essential for improving patient outcomes.