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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Generation of Murine Cardiac Pacemaker Cell Aggregates Based on ES-Cell-Programming in Combination with Myh6-Promoter-Selection

Generation of Murine Cardiac Pacemaker Cell Aggregates Based on ES-Cell-Programming in Combination with Myh6-Promoter-Selection

Published on: February 17, 2015

AAV-mediated conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pacemaker.

Patrick K W Chan¹, Lin Geng², Yi Gao²

¹Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|October 10, 2017

Summary

Scientists reprogrammed heart cells into pacemaker cells using gene therapy. This new biological pacemaker (BPm) reduced reliance on electronic devices in pigs with heart block, paving the way for future treatments.

Keywords:

Adeno-associated virus Bioartificial pacemaker Gene transfer Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel

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Generation and Expansion of Human Cardiomyocytes from Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

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Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Generation of Murine Cardiac Pacemaker Cell Aggregates Based on ES-Cell-Programming in Combination with Myh6-Promoter-Selection

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Published on: February 17, 2015

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

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Generation and Expansion of Human Cardiomyocytes from Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Generation and Expansion of Human Cardiomyocytes from Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Published on: February 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Gene Therapy

Background:

Nodal pacemaker (Pm) cardiomyocyte (CM) dysfunction causes heart rhythm disorders, often requiring electronic pacemaker implantation.
Current electronic pacemakers have limitations and can lead to complications.
Developing biological alternatives for pacing is a critical unmet need in cardiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To functionally reprogram human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived ventricular CMs into functional pacemaker CMs.
To evaluate the efficacy of a novel gene therapy approach for creating biological pacemakers (BPm).

Main Methods:

Engineered HCN1 channel (HCN1ΔΔΔ) with a deleted S3-S4 linker was overexpressed in hPSC-VCMs using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9).
Reprogrammed hPSC-PmCMs were characterized for automaticity and action potential parameters.
A preclinical porcine model of complete heart block was used to test the rAAV9-HCN1ΔΔΔ-based BPm.

Main Results:

Reprogrammed hPSC-PmCMs exhibited automaticity and action potential characteristics of native nodal PmCMs.
Implantation of the rAAV9-HCN1ΔΔΔ-based BPm in pigs with heart block significantly reduced dependence on electronic pacing.
The biological pacemaker successfully generated spontaneous heart rhythms in the preclinical model.

Conclusions:

Functional biological pacemakers can be created by reprogramming ventricular CMs using gene therapy.
This novel gene-modified cell therapy shows promise for treating heart rhythm disorders.
The study provides a strong foundation for the future clinical translation of biological pacemakers.