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Cytokine profile changes in gingival crevicular fluid after placement different brackets types
Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo1, Paulo Nelson-Filho1, Cássio do Nascimento2
1Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Archives of Oral Biology
|October 17, 2017
Summary
Bracket design impacts inflammatory responses and bacterial adhesion. The SmartClip™ bracket showed increased TNF-α and red complex bacteria, suggesting higher inflammatory potential.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Periodontology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Orthodontic brackets can influence the local oral environment.
- Understanding the interplay between bracket design, inflammation, and bacterial adhesion is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between different orthodontic bracket designs and the levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial complexes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
- To assess these factors without the confounding influence of tooth movement.
Main Methods:
- 20 participants (11-15 years) had conventional (Gemini™) and self-ligating (In-Ovation®R, SmartClip™) brackets bonded to maxillary incisors/canines.
- Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected before and after 60 days.
- Cytokine levels (IL-12, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured using LUMINEX assay.
- Bacterial complexes (red and orange) were analyzed by Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.
Main Results:
- Cytokine levels generally increased across groups.
- The SmartClip™ group exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α (p=0.046).
- Higher levels of red complex bacteria were observed with SmartClip™ brackets.
Conclusions:
- Orthodontic bracket design influences GCF cytokine profiles and bacterial adhesion.
- The SmartClip™ bracket was associated with elevated TNF-α and red complex bacteria, indicating potentially greater inflammatory potential.
- Bracket selection may be important for patients at risk for periodontal disease or root resorption.