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Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Subpopulations in Venous Malformation
Elysia M S Tan1, Sam Duro Siljee1, Helen D Brasch1
1Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.
Frontiers in Medicine
|October 20, 2017
Summary
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers are present in both venous malformations (VM) within and outside the endothelium. This suggests two distinct ESC-like subpopulations in VM, with potential differentiation from endothelial cells.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Venous malformations (VM) are characterized by abnormal, thin-walled venous channels.
- A TIE2 mutation's role in VM development and its link to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) prompted this investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of ESC markers in subcutaneous VM (SCVM) and intramuscular VM (IMVM).
- To determine the cellular localization of these ESC markers within VM tissues.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining (DAB and IF) for ESC markers (Nanog, pSTAT3, OCT4, SOX2, SALL4, CD44) on SCVM and IMVM samples.
- NanoString mRNA analysis and RT-PCR to confirm gene transcription of ESC markers.
Main Results:
- All investigated ESC markers were expressed in both SCVM and IMVM.
- ESC markers were localized to the endothelium and other cells within the lesions.
- mRNA analysis confirmed transcriptional activation of key ESC markers.
Conclusions:
- Findings support the existence of two ESC-like subpopulations in SCVM and IMVM: one endothelial and one non-endothelial.
- The endothelial ESC-like cells expressing OCT4 may differentiate into the non-endothelial subpopulation.
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