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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

4.9K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
4.9K
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
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Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini.

D E Jennings, F M Flasar, V G Kunde

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    The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) aboard Cassini provided unprecedented infrared data of Saturn, its rings, and moons. This mission

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    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Infrared Spectroscopy
    • Astrophysics

    Background:

    • The Cassini spacecraft carried the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS).
    • CIRS is a Fourier transform spectrometer designed for thermal emission studies.
    • It builds upon previous Voyager mission spectrometer capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To study thermal emission from Saturn, its rings, and moons.
    • To investigate the temperature, composition, structure, and dynamics of planetary atmospheres and surfaces.
    • To leverage Cassini's 13-year mission for comprehensive infrared data acquisition.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing two interferometers within CIRS, sharing a telescope and scan mechanism.
    • Covering a wavelength range over a factor of 100 in the mid and far infrared.
    • Analyzing thermal emission data from Jupiter, Saturn, Titan, Saturn's rings, and icy moons.

    Main Results:

    • CIRS provided unique measurements with synergies with other Cassini instruments.
    • The instrument surpassed the capabilities of previous spectrometers.
    • Extensive scientific results were returned, covering atmospheric and surface properties.

    Conclusions:

    • CIRS has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of Saturn system objects.
    • The archived CIRS spectral data will continue to be valuable for future scientific research.
    • The mission highlights the success of long-term instrument development and data analysis.