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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Role of Constant, Random and Blocked Practice in an Electromyography-Based Oral Motor Learning Task.

Ramesh Kaipa1, Roha Mariam Kaipa2

  • 1a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK 74078 , USA.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Random practice enhances oral motor learning, similar to speech and limb motor learning. This study found random practice superior to constant and blocked conditions for oral motor tracking tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Motor learning research
  • Speech-language pathology
  • Neurorehabilitation

Background:

  • Principles of motor learning (PMLs) are well-studied in speech but less so in oral motor skills.
  • Oral motor learning is crucial for various functions, including speech production and swallowing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different practice conditions on oral motor learning.
  • To compare the effectiveness of constant, blocked, and random practice in an oral motor tracking task.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-five healthy adults participated in an electromyography-based oral motor tracking task.
  • Participants were assigned to constant, blocked, or random practice conditions over four daily sessions.
  • Each session included practice with immediate feedback and immediate retention, followed by delayed retention testing.
Keywords:
AcquisitionElectromyographyPracticeRetention

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Main Results:

  • Random practice led to significantly better performance compared to constant and blocked practice across all four days.
  • The constant practice group showed superior learning over the blocked group only on the final day of testing.

Conclusions:

  • Random practice appears to be a more effective strategy for facilitating oral motor learning.
  • Results align with existing literature on limb and speech motor learning, suggesting broader applicability of random practice principles.
  • Further research is recommended to explore random practice in diverse oral and speech-related tasks.