Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 20, 2026
07:54
Analysis of AtHIRD11 Intrinsic Disorder and Binding Towards Metal Ions by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis
Published on: August 22, 2018
6.4K
Predicting Counterion Effects Using a Gold Affinity Index and a Hydrogen Bonding Basicity Index
Zhichao Lu1, Junbin Han1, Otome E Okoromoba1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.
Organic Letters
|October 24, 2017
Summary
Researchers created new gold affinity and hydrogen bonding basicity indexes to predict counterion reactivity in cationic gold catalysis, advancing catalyst design.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Catalysis Science
Background:
- Cationic gold catalysis is crucial for synthesizing complex organic molecules.
- Understanding counterion effects is vital for optimizing catalyst performance and selectivity.
- Predictive models for counterion behavior are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop quantitative indexes for evaluating counterions in cationic gold catalysis.
- To establish correlations between counterion properties and catalytic reactivity.
- To enable rational design of gold catalysts through predictive modeling.
Main Methods:
- Development of a gold affinity index based on experimental or computational data.
- Quantification of hydrogen bonding basicity for various counterions.
- Correlation analysis between the developed indexes and observed reactivity in benchmark cationic gold reactions.
Main Results:
- Successful development of a gold affinity index and a hydrogen bonding basicity index.
- Demonstrated predictive power of these indexes for counterion reactivity.
- Identification of key counterion properties influencing cationic gold catalysis.
Conclusions:
- The developed indexes provide a valuable tool for predicting and controlling counterion effects in gold catalysis.
- This work facilitates the rational design of more efficient and selective gold catalysts.
- The findings contribute to a deeper mechanistic understanding of cationic gold catalysis.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
03:45Formation of Complex Ions
26.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.4K
01:26EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents
1.4K
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
1.4K
03:02Acid/Base Strengths and Dissociation Constants
70.5K
The relative strength of an acid or base is the extent to which it ionizes when dissolved in water. If the ionization reaction is essentially complete, the acid or base is termed strong; if relatively little ionization occurs, the acid or base is weak. There are many more weak acids and bases than strong ones. The most common strong acids and bases are listed below:
70.5K
03:38Polyprotic Acids
32.3K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
32.3K
01:09Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes
876
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
876
01:17Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient
1.7K
The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size.
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
1.7K