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Propofol-induced Changes in α-β Sensorimotor Cortical Connectivity.

Mahsa Malekmohammadi1, Nicholas AuYong, Collin M Price

  • 1From the Department of Neurosurgery (M.M., N.A., C.M.P., E.T., N.P.), Department of Bioengineering (N.P.), Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program (N.P.), Brain Research Institute (N.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology (A.E.H.), University of California, Los Angeles, California.

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Summary

Propofol anesthesia disconnects sensorimotor cortices, reducing functional connectivity despite increased local brain activity. This disruption in the sensorimotor network may explain the loss of voluntary control during anesthesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Anesthetics are known to affect brain functional connectivity.
  • Network-level analyses of anesthesia's effects, especially in humans, are limited.
  • This study investigates propofol's impact on human sensorimotor network connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that propofol-induced loss of consciousness functionally disconnects human sensorimotor cortices.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of anesthetic-induced loss of volitional motor control.

Main Methods:

  • Local field potentials were recorded from sensorimotor cortices in patients with Parkinson disease and essential tremor.
  • Recordings were taken before and after propofol-induced loss of consciousness.
  • Local spectral power and interregional connectivity (coherence, imaginary coherence) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Propofol anesthesia increased spectral power in sensorimotor cortices (2-100 Hz) and shifted dominant peaks to lower frequencies.
  • Despite increased local power, sensorimotor cortical coherence decreased with propofol.
  • Suppression of coherence was observed in beta frequencies for Parkinson disease and alpha/beta frequencies for essential tremor.

Conclusions:

  • Propofol causes functional disconnection of sensorimotor cortices, characterized by increased local activity and decreased interregional connectivity.
  • This sensorimotor network disruption may underlie the loss of volitional control during anesthesia.
  • The findings suggest generalizable effects of propofol in patients with movement disorders and potentially other populations.