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Long Non Coding RNA Expression Intersecting Cancer and Spermatogenesis: A Systematic Review

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gametogenic and tumorigenic programs share features like immune evasion and immortalization.
  • Aberrant expression of testis-specific genes in cancer led to the identification of "cancer-testis genes."
  • Non-coding RNAs, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have crucial regulatory roles in cellular processes relevant to both gametogenesis and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gametogenesis and cancer.
  • To identify lncRNAs expressed in both gametogenic and cancer tissues.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Computerized literature search of MEDLINE/PUBMED and Embase databases.
  • Keywords used: lncRNA, gametogenesis, testis, and cancer.
  • Comparative analysis of lncRNA expression and function in gametogenic and cancer tissues.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with essential roles and notable expression in both gametogenic and cancer tissues.
  • Observed similar functional roles for these lncRNAs in processes modulated by signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
  • Demonstrated overlapping expression patterns of specific lncRNAs between gametogenic and cancerous cells.

Conclusions:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significantly expressed in both gametogenic and cancer tissues, suggesting shared regulatory mechanisms.
  • lncRNAs involved in gametogenesis may play parallel roles in tumorigenesis.
  • Further evaluation of lncRNA expression and function can lead to novel biomarkers for early cancer detection, prognosis, and therapeutic response assessment.