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Related Concept Videos

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Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Three-Dimensional Printed Thermal Regulation Textiles.

Tingting Gao1, Zhi Yang1, Chaoji Chen1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

ACS Nano
|October 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personal cooling textiles made from aligned boron nitride (BN)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers offer improved thermal transport. This 3D-printed textile provides a 55% better cooling effect, saving energy and costs associated with building cooling.

Keywords:
3D printingaligned BN nanosheetsenergy efficiencythermal regulation textilesthermally conductive fiber

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Energy Science

Background:

  • Space cooling significantly contributes to global energy consumption and costs.
  • Traditional building-wide cooling is inefficient and expensive for personal comfort.
  • Personal cooling technologies offer a promising solution for energy and cost savings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a personal thermal-regulated textile for efficient personal cooling.
  • To enhance the thermal transport properties of textiles using advanced composite fibers.
  • To reduce energy consumption and costs associated with space cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of thermally conductive and highly aligned boron nitride (BN)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite fibers using 3D printing.
  • Achieving uniform dispersion and high alignment of BN nanosheets (BNNSs) during fiber processing.
  • Characterization of the mechanical strength and thermal transport properties of the developed a-BN/PVA fibers and textiles.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed a-BN/PVA composite fibers exhibit high mechanical strength (355 MPa) and excellent heat dispersion.
  • The a-BN/PVA textile demonstrates a 55% improvement in cooling effect compared to commercial cotton fiber.
  • Uniform dispersion and alignment of BNNSs are crucial for enhanced thermal conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Wearable textiles made from 3D-printed a-BN/PVA fibers offer a viable solution for personal cooling requirements.
  • This technology significantly reduces energy consumption and costs compared to traditional building cooling methods.
  • The developed personal cooling textile presents a promising advancement in sustainable thermal management.