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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

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Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
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Acquired Bleeding Disorders.

Alisheba Hurwitz1, Richard Massone1, Bernard L Lopez1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Sansom Street, Thompson Building, Suite 239, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
|October 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency clinicians face bleeding patients with hemostasis disorders. This review outlines systematic assessment and management strategies, focusing on iatrogenic and acquired causes relevant to emergency medicine practice.

Keywords:
AnticoagulantBleedingCoagulopathyEmergencyHemorrhageHemostasisThrombocytopeniaTransfusion

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Emergency medicine practitioners frequently encounter patients with bleeding.
  • Disorders of hemostasis present a significant challenge in managing these patients.
  • A systematic approach is crucial for assessing and managing hemostasis disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide emergency clinicians with a systematic approach to assessing and managing hemostasis disorders in bleeding patients.
  • To highlight iatrogenic and acquired causes of abnormal hemostasis relevant to emergency settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common and critical acquired causes of abnormal hemostasis.
  • Discussion of assessment and management strategies for emergency clinicians.

Main Results:

  • Iatrogenic causes of abnormal hemostasis are of particular importance to emergency clinicians.
  • Other acquired causes include renal disease, immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, acquired coagulation factor inhibitors, acute traumatic coagulopathy, liver disease, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of bleeding patients in emergency settings requires a systematic understanding of hemostasis disorders.
  • Recognition and management of both iatrogenic and acquired causes are essential for optimal patient outcomes.