The technique of electron probe x-ray analysis and the atomic composition of aurosomes

Electron probe x-ray analysis is an exciting new method of elemental analysis at the ultrastructural level. This is a relatively non-destructive form of analysis by which elements from Na onwards (i.e. above Z number 10) can be simultaneously detected and displayed as a spectrum. The best spatial resolution that can be achieved is of the order of 20 nm. The sensitivity of detection varies with the elements but about 10-18 g of an element can be detected. With the available computer programs elemental ratios are readily determined without the need of standards. The special appeal of this technique stems from the fact that it is the only way of analyzing minute inclusions in situ within the cell and so correlate morphology with atomic composition. With this method, gold has been demonstrated in aurosomes produced in various sites after the administration of soluble gold salts to experimental animals and man. A more detailed analysis of aurosomes found in the synovial membrane 3 days and 18 months after injection of gold sodium thiomalate into the rabbit knee joint revealed that the aurosome contains gold, phosphorus, and sulphur, and that the atomic ratios of these elements do not alter over the above mentioned time interval.