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Are advanced practice pharmacist designations really advanced?

Timothy P Frost1, Alex J Adams2

  • 1Pacific University School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, Hillsboro, 97123, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced practice pharmacist (APP) designations exist in four states, but uptake is low. The scope of practice gains for APPs may be limited compared to other states, despite barriers like fees and education requirements.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Law and Policy
  • Advanced Practice Pharmacy
  • Scope of Practice

Background:

  • Four states have enacted specific advanced practice pharmacist (APP) designations: advanced practice pharmacist (California), clinical pharmacist practitioner (Montana, North Carolina), and pharmacist clinician (New Mexico).
  • These designations typically require fees and specific educational prerequisites, such as continuing pharmacy education (CPE), national certification, or residency completion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the uptake and scope of practice associated with advanced practice pharmacist designations in the United States.
  • To compare the practice authority granted by APP designations with existing state laws and identify potential barriers to adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of state legislation establishing advanced practice pharmacist designations.
  • Review of requirements for attaining these designations, including fees and education.
  • Comparison of the scope of practice granted (e.g., ordering tests, medication management under collaborative practice agreements) with other state pharmacy laws.

Main Results:

  • Uptake of advanced practice pharmacist designations has been low, ranging from 0.35% to 9.8%.
  • The scope of practice granted under these designations is comparable to, and sometimes more restrictive than, authorities available in states with fewer entry barriers.
  • Barriers to entry include fees and educational requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The limited uptake suggests that the perceived benefits of advanced practice pharmacist designations may not align with the actual scope of practice gains or the existing regulatory landscape.
  • Policy considerations should focus on reducing barriers and ensuring that new designations offer meaningful expansions of practice authority to encourage adoption.