Anaphylactic symptoms due to chlorhexidine gluconate

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Dermatology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Chlorhexidine gluconate is a widely used antiseptic.
• Adverse reactions to topical antiseptics require careful monitoring.

Observation:

• Six patients experienced urticaria, dyspnea, and anaphylactic shock after topical chlorhexidine gluconate application.
• Type I hypersensitivity was confirmed via intradermal, scratch, and epicutaneous testing.

Findings:

• Chlorhexidine gluconate was identified as the causative agent for severe hypersensitivity reactions.
• Concentration-dependent and site-specific reactions are suggested.

Implications:

• Adherence to the manufacturer's recommended concentration (0.05%) for wound application is crucial.
• Chlorhexidine gluconate may pose risks for mucous membrane application.
• Awareness of potential severe allergic reactions is vital for patient safety.