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Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

Inertial Frames of Reference

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Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
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A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Related Experiment Video

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Fabrication and Implementation of a Reference-Free Traction Force Microscopy Platform
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Self-reference in suicidal behaviour.

Fabrice Jollant1,2,3,4,5, Cédric Lemogne4,5,6, Philippe Fossati7,8,9

  • 1a Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies , McGill University , Montréal , Canada.

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
|November 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suicide attempters did not show differences in self-perception compared to non-attempters. However, biased self-perception linked to negative feelings, which are associated with suicidal thoughts.

Keywords:
Self-referencedepressionmental painsuicide attempt

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Perturbed sense of self is suggested in individuals who attempt suicide.
  • Experimental studies on the narrative self in this population are rare.
  • This study investigates explicit self-perception and memory effects related to self-reference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the narrative self in individuals with a history of suicide attempts.
  • To examine explicit self-perception and the self-reference effect in memory.
  • To correlate self-perception measures with current suicidal ideation and emotional states.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-seven patients with mood disorders, including 20 with suicide attempt history, participated.
  • A self-referential task involved judging personality traits for self-description vs. general desirability.
  • Free recall of traits was assessed unexpectedly after encoding.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in self-reference measures were found between suicide attempters and non-attempters.
  • Biased self-perception (more negative traits attributed to self) correlated with depression, anxiety, and mental pain.
  • Depression and mental pain levels correlated with suicidal ideation; no self-reference effect in memory was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Narrative self measures were not directly linked to suicidality.
  • Biased self-perception is associated with emotional distress (depression, mental pain), which in turn relates to suicidal ideation.
  • Further research into self-related processing during the suicidal process is needed.