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Related Experiment Videos

Rapid streptococcal antigen detection in experimental keratitis.

W M Sobol1, J T Gomez, M S Osato

  • 1Sid W. Richardson Ocular Microbiology Laboratory, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 15, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Commercially available immunoassays show high specificity and sensitivity for bacterial keratitis diagnosis, comparable to Gram stain in untreated infections. These diagnostic tools aid in early, targeted antibacterial therapy for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunodiagnostics

Background:

  • Bacterial keratitis diagnosis relies on Gram stain and culture, which can be time-consuming.
  • Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are crucial for effective treatment of bacterial keratitis.

Observation:

  • Commercially available immunodiagnostic assays (coagglutination and enzyme immunoassay) were evaluated against Gram stain and culture.
  • Experimental bacterial keratitis models were established using Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Haemophilus influenzae in rabbit corneas.

Findings:

  • In untreated bacterial keratitis, immunoassays demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity, comparable to Gram stain.
  • For Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis, coagglutination sensitivity was 82% versus 73% for Gram stain.

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  • For Streptococcus pyogenes keratitis, enzyme immunoassay sensitivity was 100% versus 62% for Gram stain.
  • During antibacterial therapy, both immunoassays and Gram stain were less sensitive than culture.

    • Implications:

    • Immunodiagnostic assays offer a rapid and specific alternative for diagnosing bacterial keratitis, particularly in untreated cases.
    • Early diagnosis using immunoassays can facilitate prompt and targeted antimicrobial treatment, as demonstrated in a clinical case of pneumococcal keratitis.
    • These findings support the clinical utility of immunodiagnostic procedures for improving the management of bacterial keratitis.