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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Raw Genomic Data: Storage, Access, and Sharing.

Mahsa Shabani1, Danya Vears1, Pascal Borry1

  • 1Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Belgium.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients should have control over their medical and genomic data. Clear policies for retaining and returning raw genomic data are essential for patient data rights.

Keywords:
access rightsgenomic datapatientsraw data

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic Medicine
  • Bioethics
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Growing patient empowerment in healthcare decisions.
  • Increasing accessibility of personal medical and genomic information.
  • Need for robust data management frameworks in personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for patient access and control over their raw genomic data.
  • To advocate for transparent policies regarding genomic data retention and return.
  • To support patients' rights in managing their personal health information.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on patient data rights and genomic data management.
  • Analysis of existing policies and ethical considerations in data sharing.
  • Argumentative approach based on established principles of patient autonomy and data governance.

Main Results:

  • Identified a gap in current policies for effective raw genomic data return to patients.
  • Highlighted the importance of transparency in data handling procedures.
  • Demonstrated the link between clear policies and the realization of patient data rights.

Conclusions:

  • Well-established and transparent policies for raw genomic data retention and return are crucial.
  • Implementing such policies empowers patients to exercise control over their genomic information.
  • Ensuring patient access to raw data is fundamental for advancing personalized medicine and patient-centered care.