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Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: All wheat attack is not celiac.

Samuel O Igbinedion1, Junaid Ansari2, Anush Vasikaran1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States.

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|November 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) affects many, but lacks diagnostic biomarkers, unlike celiac disease. Further research is needed to improve NCGS diagnosis and treatment, distinguishing it from other gluten-related disorders.

Keywords:
Celiac diseaseGlutenGluten free dietGluten related disorderNon-celiac gluten sensitivityWheat

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) affects 1% of the US population, while non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) may affect up to 6%.
  • NCGS diagnosis is challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers and reliance on symptom presentation.
  • The gluten-free product market is substantial, fueled partly by consumer misconceptions about gluten avoidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
  • To highlight challenges and unanswered questions in NCGS diagnosis and treatment.
  • To discuss the need for improved diagnostic criteria and specific biomarkers for NCGS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on NCGS.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for gluten-related disorders.
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms for NCGS, including immune responses to wheat proteins.

Main Results:

  • Reliable diagnostic tests exist for CD but not for NCGS.
  • NCGS is characterized by a broad range of symptoms and a potential innate immune response to gluten and other wheat proteins.
  • The distinction between NCGS, CD, and other disorders like irritable bowel syndrome requires clearer diagnostic guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Improved diagnostic criteria are needed to differentiate NCGS from other gluten-related conditions.
  • Identification of specific biomarkers for NCGS is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
  • Further research is essential to address the complexities of NCGS diagnosis and treatment.