A water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa induced macrophages activation via TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κB p65
Lihua Hou1, Meng Meng1, Yuanyuan Chen1
1Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Here, the immunomodulatory effects of water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa on RAW264.7 macrophages and its molecular mechanisms were investigated. G. frondosa polysaccharide could obviously enhance immunostimulatory activity such as the release of nitric oxide and cytokine production. Western blotting results showed that G. frondosa polysaccharide elevated the TLR4, which might act as an upstream regulator of MyD88 induced G. frondosa polysaccharide. MyD88 promoted IKKβ in endochylema and translocate NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus which increased the NO production and cytokine/chemokines level. The results suggested that G. frondosa polysaccharide activated macrophages through TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κBp65 signaling pathways.
Insights
Water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) enhances macrophage immune activity by activating the TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, boosting nitric oxide and cytokine release.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Mycology
Background:
- Macrophage activation is crucial for immune responses.
- Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (G. frondosa) are known for potential health benefits.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms of G. frondosa's immunomodulatory effects is important.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of G. frondosa polysaccharide on RAW264.7 macrophages.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying G. frondosa polysaccharide-induced macrophage activation.
Main Methods:
- RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with G. frondosa polysaccharide.
- Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production were measured.
- Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression, including TLR4, MyD88, IKKβ, and NF-κB p65.
Main Results:
- G. frondosa polysaccharide significantly enhanced NO and cytokine production.
- G. frondosa polysaccharide upregulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression.
- The study identified the TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κBp65 signaling pathway as the key mechanism.
Conclusions:
- G. frondosa polysaccharide exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects on macrophages.
- The activation occurs via the TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κBp65 signaling cascade.
- These findings suggest G. frondosa polysaccharide as a potential therapeutic agent for immune enhancement.
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