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Visual and binocular status in elementary school children with a reading problem.

Lisa W Christian1, Krithika Nandakumar1, Patricia K Hrynchak1

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.

Journal of Optometry
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Binocular vision anomalies are common in elementary students with reading difficulties. Many children showed abnormal results in tests for convergence, stereoacuity, and vergence ranges, suggesting a link to reading performance.

Keywords:
Binocular visionDificultad lectoraPediatricsPediatríaReading difficultyVision and learningVisión binocularVisión y aprendizaje

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Optometry
  • Pediatric Vision

Background:

  • Reading difficulties in elementary school children can be influenced by various factors.
  • Binocular vision is crucial for efficient reading and visual tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize binocular anomalies in elementary school children with identified reading problems.
  • To explore the prevalence of specific binocular vision dysfunctions in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 121 elementary school children with reading problems.
  • Analysis of binocular vision tests including refractive error, strabismus, phoria, near point of convergence, stereoacuity, fusional vergence, and accommodation.

Main Results:

  • 81% had no significant refractive error.
  • Abnormalities were noted in near point of convergence (68% <5cm), stereoacuity (23% >40 arc sec), and near positive fusional vergence (54% abnormal).
  • Accommodation and binocular facility were largely normal (91% and 70% respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Children with reading problems frequently exhibit abnormal binocular vision test results.
  • Further research is needed to understand the relationship between binocular vision function and reading performance.