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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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Erythropoiesis01:14

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Iron chelation improves ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload in myelodysplastic syndrome mice.

eLife·2023
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The Effect of Oral Iron Chelator Deferiprone on Iron Overload and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Study by the Israeli MDS Working Group.

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Vasculo-toxic and pro-inflammatory action of unbound haemoglobin, haem and iron in transfusion-dependent patients with haemolytic anaemias.

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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Iron overload in hematological disorders.

Eitan Fibach1, Eliezer A Rachmilewitz2

  • 1Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Department of hematology, Jerusalem, Israel.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Iron overload, common in hemolytic anemia, causes oxidative stress and organ damage. Iron chelators and antioxidants can mitigate toxicity, with potential benefits for hematological disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Iron deficiency anemia is common, but iron overload (IO) occurs in hematological disorders like hemolytic anemia.
  • IO results from red blood cell destruction, transfusions, or increased gut absorption.
  • Excess labile iron generates reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of iron overload toxicity in hematological disorders.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies including iron chelators and antioxidants.
  • To explore potential benefits of iron chelator compounds beyond iron removal.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Analysis of the role of labile iron in cellular damage.

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  • Examination of the multifaceted effects of iron chelator compounds.

    • Main Results:

    • Iron overload induces oxidative stress, damaging vital organs and blood cells (RBC, platelets, neutrophils).
    • Iron chelators bind free iron, reducing toxicity and are standard for young patients with chronic anemia.
    • Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and mitigate iron toxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Iron overload poses significant risks in hematological disorders, necessitating management.
    • Iron chelators and antioxidants offer therapeutic benefits by reducing iron toxicity.
    • Certain iron chelators may possess additional therapeutic activities, including stimulating platelet production and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, offering broader benefits for leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.