Prolactinoma through the female life cycle

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Oncology

Background:

• Prolactinomas are the most frequent secretory pituitary adenomas, primarily affecting women aged 30-60.
• Symptoms often include menstrual irregularities and infertility.
• These tumors are rare in pediatric and postmenopausal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature and clinical understanding of prolactinomas.
• To discuss prolactinoma management throughout the female life cycle.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current clinical understanding and research.
• Analysis of prolactinoma presentation, treatment, and outcomes across different life stages.

Main Results:

• Dopamine agonists are effective and safe, though often discontinued during pregnancy with monitoring.
• Postpartum breastfeeding is generally safe; some women achieve normalized prolactin levels.
• Menopause can decrease prolactin levels, potentially allowing for dopamine agonist discontinuation in some cases.

Conclusions:

• Prolactinomas significantly impact women's quality of life, bone health, and cardiovascular risk.
• Management requires a life-cycle approach, considering pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause.
• Continued monitoring and individualized treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.