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Related Concept Videos

Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
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Differentiation therapy revisited.

Hugues de Thé1

  • 1Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CNRS UMR 7212), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75010 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St Louis, 75010 Paris, France.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Differentiation therapy uses drugs to change cancer cell phenotypes, proving highly effective for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) treatment. This approach holds promise for broader cancer therapy by inducing terminal maturation and reducing cancer cell self-renewal.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Differentiation therapy leverages the ability of hormones or cytokines to alter cancer cell phenotypes ex vivo.
  • Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a prime example, now highly curable with retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mechanisms behind the success of RA and arsenic in APL treatment.
  • To explore the roles of terminal maturation and loss of self-renewal in differentiation therapy.
  • To propose novel strategies for enhancing differentiating drugs in cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical successes of differentiation therapy in APL.
  • Assessment of the molecular roles of retinoic acid and arsenic.
  • Analysis of existing examples of drug-induced tumor cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Retinoic acid and arsenic combination therapy has led to high cure rates in APL.
  • Differentiation therapy can induce terminal maturation and reduce cancer cell self-renewal.
  • Emerging drugs show potential for differentiating various primary tumor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiation therapy is a clinically validated approach for specific cancers like APL.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of terminal maturation and self-renewal is key to optimizing therapy.
  • Further research into novel differentiating drugs can expand therapeutic applications for various cancers.