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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
Published on: November 19, 2020
Real-time probe tracking using EM-optical sensor for MRI-guided cryoablation
Wenpeng Gao1,2, Baichuan Jiang3,2, Daniel F Kacher2
1School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Background:
A method of real-time, accurate probe tracking at the entrance of the MRI bore is developed, which, fused with pre-procedural MR images, will enable clinicians to perform cryoablation efficiently in a large workspace with image guidance.
Methods:
Electromagnetic (EM) tracking coupled with optical tracking is used to track the probe. EM tracking is achieved with an MRI-safe EM sensor working under the scanner's magnetic field to compensate the line-of-sight issue of optical tracking. Unscented Kalman filter-based probe tracking is developed to smooth the EM sensor measurements when occlusion occurs and to improve the tracking accuracy by fusing the measurements of two sensors.
Results:
Experiments with a spine phantom show that the mean targeting errors using the EM sensor alone and using the proposed method are 2.21 mm and 1.80 mm, respectively.
Conclusion:
The proposed method achieves more accurate probe tracking than using an EM sensor alone at the MRI scanner entrance.
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