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Clinical outcome measurement: Models, theory, psychometrics and practice
Leah McClimans1, John Browne2, Stefan Cano3
1Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
|December 3, 2017
Summary
Models are crucial for measurement in psychometrics, especially for Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs). Rasch Measurement Theory offers a more robust framework than Classical Test Theory for coordinating theory and empirical data in health outcomes research.
Area of Science:
- Epistemology of Measurement
- Psychometrics
- Health Outcomes Research
Background:
- Models are increasingly recognized for their role in measurement outcomes, particularly in the physical sciences and economics.
- Their application in psychometrics, the quantification of psychological phenomena, is significant but less discussed.
- This paper specifically examines models within Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the role of models in coordinating theoretical concepts with empirical data in psychometrics.
- To compare two prominent measurement theories and their models: Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT).
- To evaluate the suitability of these models for developing instruments that measure psychological attributes.
Main Methods:
- Focus on Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs) as a case study.
- Discussion of measurement theories: Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT).
- Analysis of the function of models in representing measurement interactions and in conjunction with attribute theories.
Main Results:
- Models are essential for linking theoretical terms with empirical content in measurement.
- Both CTT and RMT utilize models, but their effectiveness differs.
- Rasch Measurement Theory demonstrates a more promising approach for robust measurement in COAs.
Conclusions:
- Models must represent the measurement interaction and be integrated with attribute theory to be effective.
- Rasch Measurement Theory provides a stronger foundation for psychometric measurement compared to Classical Test Theory.
- Despite CTT's prevalence in health outcomes research, RMT offers superior advantages for developing valid and reliable instruments.
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