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Layer Microdissection of Tricuspid Valve Leaflets for Biaxial Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Quantification
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Pressure-induced microstructural changes in porcine tricuspid valve leaflets.

Anup D Pant1, Vineet S Thomas1, Anthony L Black1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.

Acta Biomaterialia
|December 5, 2017
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Summary

Increased ventricular pressure causes tricuspid valve extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers to align more, altering leaflet structure. This study quantifies ECM fiber changes in porcine tricuspid valves under pressure, offering insights into valve remodeling.

Keywords:
Anisotropy indexPulmonary hypertensionRight ventricleSmall angle light scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Tissue Mechanics

Background:

  • Mechanics significantly influences tissue development, regeneration, and remodeling.
  • Tricuspid valve extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components dictate tissue responses and function.
  • Tricuspid regurgitation can result from elevated right ventricular pressure, leading to valve leaflet remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify mechanically-induced changes in tricuspid valve ECM microstructure.
  • To investigate the relationship between increased ventricular pressure and ECM fiber alignment.
  • To understand how pulmonary hypertension-induced pressure overload alters tricuspid valve leaflet structure.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an experimental setup to apply increased pressure to porcine tricuspid valves.
  • Utilized small angle light scattering (SALS) technique to measure leaflet microstructure.
  • Quantified fiber spread and distribution using the anisotropy index, averaged across leaflet regions.

Main Results:

  • Pressurized porcine tricuspid valve leaflets showed significantly higher average anisotropy indices compared to non-pressurized valves.
  • Anisotropy index increased from 12-21% in non-pressurized valves to 32-56% in pressurized valves across different leaflets.
  • Results indicate that increased ventricular pressure leads to greater alignment of ECM fibers within the tricuspid valve leaflets.

Conclusions:

  • Increased ventricular pressure induces significant alignment of ECM fibers in tricuspid valve leaflets.
  • These findings enhance understanding of ECM structural remodeling in response to pressure overload.
  • The study provides a foundation for comprehending mechanical microenvironment alterations in conditions like pulmonary hypertension.