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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
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Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

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Shaping Innate Lymphoid Cell Diversity.

Qiutong Huang1,2, Cyril Seillet1,2, Gabrielle T Belz1,2

  • 1Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Genomics reveals the complex generation and diverse subtypes of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These immune cells are crucial sensors of environmental changes, protecting mucosal surfaces despite their role in inflammation.

Keywords:
differentiationgene expressionimmune protectioninnate immunityinnate lymphoid cell

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Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are vital immune cells found at mucosal surfaces and in tissues.
  • ILCs paradoxically maintain tissue integrity while driving allergy and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the latest insights into ILC generation and heterogeneity.
  • To explore the role of genomics in understanding ILCs.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of innate lymphoid cells.
  • Characterization of ILC heterogeneity and subsets.

Main Results:

  • Genomics provides significant insight into ILC generation.
  • Enormous heterogeneity exists within canonical ILC subsets.
  • ILCs function as sensitive environmental sensors.

Conclusions:

  • A detailed blueprint of ILCs highlights their adaptive sensing capabilities.
  • ILCs are exquisitely equipped to protect immune surfaces.
  • Understanding ILCs is critical for managing inflammatory and allergic diseases.