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Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Antibiotic overprescribing: Still a major concern.

David C Fiore1, Lacy P Fettic1, Stephanie D Wright1

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|December 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic overprescribing is a significant problem, contributing to antimicrobial resistance and increased healthcare costs. Addressing this issue is crucial to prevent a post-antibiotic era where common infections could become lethal.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic overprescribing is a widespread issue despite global recognition.
  • Inappropriate antibiotic use drives antimicrobial resistance, disrupts the gut microbiome, and increases healthcare expenses.
  • A significant percentage of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary, exacerbating the problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical problem of antibiotic overprescribing.
  • To underscore the severe consequences of antimicrobial resistance.
  • To identify actionable strategies for frontline healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing reports and data on antibiotic prescribing practices.
  • Analysis of the link between antibiotic use and adverse health outcomes.
  • Focus on the role of family practitioners in combating overprescribing.

Main Results:

  • At least 30% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in the US are unnecessary.
  • Limited development of new drugs targeting resistant bacteria poses a future threat.
  • The potential for a post-antibiotic era, where common infections are untreatable, is a serious concern.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent action is needed to curb antibiotic overprescribing.
  • Family practitioners play a vital role in implementing solutions.
  • Strategies to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use are essential for public health.