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Natural Antisense Transcripts at the Interface between Host Genome and Mobile Genetic Elements.

Hany S Zinad1, Inas Natasya1, Andreas Werner1

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Frontiers in Microbiology
|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) regulate gene expression epigenetically. These non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in gene regulation, evolution, and may offer insights into new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
DNA methylationRNA interferencedouble stranded RNA (dsRNA)gene expression regulationhistone modificationsnatural antisense transcriptsnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
  • Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are ncRNAs transcribed opposite to protein-coding genes, prevalent in eukaryotes.
  • Evidence suggests NATs have essential biological roles, including gene regulation via interference with sense transcripts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms and biological significance of natural antisense transcripts (NATs).
  • To investigate the role of NATs in epigenetic processes and gene expression regulation.
  • To understand the evolutionary implications of NATs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NATs and their functions.
  • Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data to identify NATs.
  • Examination of experimental evidence for NAT-mediated gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • NATs interfere with sense transcripts through mechanisms like transcriptional interference and dsRNA formation.
  • Sense-antisense hybrid formation can trigger RNA interference, RNA editing, and PKR activation.
  • Ectopic expression of antisense transcripts can induce epigenetic silencing of sense transcripts.

Conclusions:

  • NATs play significant roles in gene regulation, potentially influencing epigenetic modifications.
  • The antisense transcriptome has broader biological implications beyond direct sense transcript regulation.
  • NATs likely contributed to evolution, providing selective advantages to early eukaryotes.