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Clinical implications of bone marrow adiposity.

A G Veldhuis-Vlug1,2, C J Rosen2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT), composed of marrow adipocytes, influences bone remodeling and blood cell formation. Dysregulation of MAT is linked to diseases like osteoporosis and leukemia, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
bone marrow adipocytebone remodellinghaematopoiesismesenchymal stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology and Hematopoiesis
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) consists of adipocytes within the bone marrow, adjacent to bone and hematopoietic cells.
  • Marrow adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells, sharing a lineage with osteoblasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of marrow adipocytes in bone remodeling and hematopoiesis.
  • To investigate the association between increased MAT and diseases such as osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes.
  • To evaluate MAT as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on marrow adipocyte biology and function.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which MAT influences bone and hematopoietic cells.
  • Correlation of MAT levels with disease states and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines (e.g., adiponectin) and cytokines (e.g., RANKL, SCF) that impact bone resorption and hematopoietic recovery.
  • MAT can provide energy via lipolysis for bone and hematopoietic cells, but also supports neoplastic cell survival.
  • Increased MAT is associated with conditions like postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes, and potentially leukemia.

Conclusions:

  • Marrow adipose tissue plays a significant role in regulating bone and hematopoietic cell functions.
  • Alterations in MAT are implicated in various pathologies, highlighting its clinical relevance.
  • MAT represents a promising, yet not fully understood, therapeutic target for bone diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers.