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Related Concept Videos

Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Related Experiment Video

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Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks
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Autism risk classification using placental chorionic surface vascular network features.

Jen-Mei Chang1, Hui Zeng2, Ruxu Han2

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-1001, USA. jen-mei.chang@csulb.edu.

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
|December 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key placental vascular network differences in high-risk Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pregnancies. These placental chorionic surface vascular network (PCSVN) features can help identify ASD risks early.

Keywords:
Arterial networkAutism spectrum disorder riskBoruta algorithmLinear discriminant analysisPlacentaPlacental chorionic surface vascular network (PCSVN)Principal component analysisRandom forest

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a rapidly growing developmental disorder.
  • Placental chorionic surface vascular network (PCSVN) structure variations may indicate developmental anomalies.
  • PCSVN analysis offers insights into genetic and environmental influences on fetal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between PCSVN structure and ASD risk.
  • To identify specific PCSVN features associated with high-risk ASD pregnancies.
  • To develop methods for analyzing PCSVN variations for potential early ASD risk identification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Boruta method for feature selection on 28 arterial and 8 shape-based PCSVN attributes.
  • Analyzed 89 placentas from a high-risk ASD cohort and 201 from a population-based cohort.
  • Applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for data analysis and validation.

Main Results:

  • The Boruta method identified 15 relevant arterial attributes distinguishing high and low ASD risk.
  • PCA revealed five principal features accounting for 88% of data variability.
  • PCSVNs in high-risk ASD pregnancies showed fewer branch points, thicker/less tortuous arteries, and smaller branch angles.

Conclusions:

  • Established methods to differentiate PCSVN features between high-risk ASD and general population placentas.
  • Demonstrated the potential of PCSVN analysis in understanding ASD etiology.
  • Proposed a research paradigm applicable to other maternal and fetal outcomes like gestational diabetes and hypertension.