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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
The Management of Vascular Malformations of the Airway: Natural History, Investigations, Medical, Surgical and
Tristan Klosterman1, Teresa M O2
1Vascular Birthmark Institute of New York, Head and Neck Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, 150 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA.
Abstract:
Vascular malformations may affect nearly all aspects of the upper airway. Each type of malformation has a characteristic pattern of disease. These lesions may be focal or diffuse, and require directed management strategies. Physicians treating these entities should have a high level of suspicion to consider airway evaluation even in the absence of overt symptoms. However, cutaneous head and neck venous malformations or other lesions affecting the lips, oral cavity, or tongue can herald the presence of coexisting airway lesions. A multidisciplinary approach is critical in achieving comprehensive treatment.
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