Pediatric Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obesity is a risk factor for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Excess adipose tissue surrounding the pharynx reduces the upper airway's cross-sectional area and increases the likelihood of airway collapse. Evaluation typically includes a comprehensive physical examination and polysomnography, with additional assessments including drug-induced sleep endoscopy select circumstances. Because obstruction often occurs at multiple airway levels, surgical treatment, including adenotonsillectomy, is associated with lower cure rates in children with obesity. Multidisciplinary management that addresses obesity is essential, as weight reduction may improve treatment outcomes.