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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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11.8K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Exploiting Coherence in Nonlinear Spin-Superfluid Transport.

Yaroslav Tserkovnyak1, Mathias Kläui2,3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

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|December 9, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate how spin current interference in spin superfluids enables coherent logic operations. Nonlinear effects allow electrical control of spin condensate phase, paving the way for novel spin-based logic gates.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Superfluid spin currents offer potential for quantum information processing.
  • Understanding interference phenomena in spin superfluids is crucial for device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of spin current interference for creating coherent logic functionality in spin circuits.
  • To investigate the nonlinear regime of spin superfluidity for logic gate construction.

Main Methods:

  • Focusing on the nonlinear regime of collective spin transport.
  • Analyzing the sensitivity of critical supercurrent to phase accumulation in a loop geometry.
  • Proposing electrical gating to tune spin-condensate coherence length.

Main Results:

  • Interference between superfluid spin currents can lead to coherent logic functionality.
  • Nonlinear spin superfluidity exhibits sensitivity to accumulated phase, enabling control.
  • Electrical gating provides a method to tune coherence length and control phase.

Conclusions:

  • The nonlinear properties of spin superfluidity are well-suited for constructing logic gates.
  • Coherent spin currents can be exploited for unique logic operations.
  • This functionality aids in revealing fundamental properties of spin superfluids.