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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

829
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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Aphasia and cognitive impairment decrease the reliability of rnTMS language mapping.

Vera Schwarzer1, Ina Bährend2, Tizian Rosenstock2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. vera.schwarzer@hotmail.de.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|December 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rnTMS) for language mapping may be unreliable in patients with aphasia or cognitive impairment, as they show higher error rates. Baseline testing can identify potential biases in rnTMS language mapping results.

Keywords:
AphasiaBrain tumourCognitive impairmentLanguage mappingNavigated transcranial magnetic stimulationNon-invasive mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a non-invasive brain mapping tool.
  • Its utility in identifying language areas, unlike motor areas, is under investigation.
  • This study investigates biometric factors influencing repetitive nTMS (rnTMS) for language mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify biometric factors that may bias repetitive nTMS (rnTMS) results in language-relevant cortical areas.
  • To assess the reliability of rnTMS for language mapping in patients with brain lesions.

Main Methods:

  • 101 patients with language-eloquent brain lesions underwent preoperative bihemispheric rnTMS.
  • Baseline picture-naming tasks were performed without stimulation.
  • Nine biometric factors were statistically analyzed for correlation with naming errors during baseline and rnTMS mapping.

Main Results:

  • Baseline naming errors correlated significantly with aphasia and cognitive impairment (p<0.0001).
  • Aphasia (p<0.023) and cognitive impairment (p<0.038) significantly affected rnTMS mapping errors.
  • Patients with these conditions had higher baseline error rates (>28%).

Conclusions:

  • Pre-existing aphasia or severe cognitive impairment leads to significantly more errors during rnTMS mapping.
  • The reliability of rnTMS in these patient groups remains questionable despite baseline error stratification.
  • Age and examination-induced pain did not bias rnTMS language mapping results.