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Sex Differences in Muscle Wasting.

Lindsey J Anderson1, Haiming Liu1, Jose M Garcia2

  • 1Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men and women experience similar muscle wasting changes, but hormonal differences, particularly sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen, influence disease progression and treatment response in conditions such as sarcopenia and cachexia.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Muscle Physiology
  • Endocrinology and Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Aging and diseases induce similar skeletal muscle pathologies in both sexes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired regeneration.
  • Reduced food intake, physical activity, and altered sex hormone profiles significantly contribute to muscle wasting.
  • Testosterone promotes muscle protein synthesis, while estrogen offers protective anti-inflammatory effects, though its mechanisms are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review similarities and differences in muscle wasting conditions between men and women.
  • To analyze the impact of hormonal profiles on disease response.
  • To evaluate therapeutic agent efficacy in improving muscle mass and function.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of clinical studies on common muscle wasting conditions.
  • Comparative analysis of pathological changes and hormonal influences in men and women.
  • Assessment of treatment responses and efficacy of therapeutic agents.

Main Results:

  • Shared pathological pathways in muscle wasting across sexes, but differential responses due to hormonal variations.
  • Age- and disease-related hormonal shifts are key drivers of muscle wasting.
  • Varied responses to therapies highlight the importance of sex-specific considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex-based hormonal differences is crucial for addressing muscle wasting.
  • Personalized therapeutic strategies may be necessary for optimizing treatment outcomes.
  • Further research into estrogen's role in skeletal muscle is warranted.