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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Early Intervention for Preschoolers at Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Preschool First Step to

Edward G Feil1, Jason W Small1, John R Seeley1

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The Preschool First Step (PFS) to Success intervention improved social skills and reduced behavior problems in preschoolers at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This early intervention shows promise for young children with externalizing behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Intervention

Background:

  • Preschoolers with externalizing behaviors are at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Early intervention is crucial for addressing behavioral challenges and improving social skills in young children.
  • The Preschool First Step (PFS) to Success program targets secondary prevention for 3-5 year olds with externalizing behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the PFS to Success early intervention program.
  • To assess the impact of PFS on social skills and behavior problems in preschoolers at risk for ADHD.
  • To determine if a generic behavioral intervention is effective for preschoolers with comorbid ADHD symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A subsample of 45 children with elevated ADHD symptoms participated in a randomized controlled trial.
  • The PFS program was implemented as part of a larger multisite study.
  • Parent and teacher ratings were used to measure social skills and behavior problems postintervention.

Main Results:

  • The PFS program significantly improved social skills and reduced behavior problems in preschoolers.
  • Large effect sizes were observed for teacher-reported social competency indicators, including ADHD-specific measures.
  • Medium effect sizes were found for parent-reported social skills and problem behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The PFS to Success intervention is effective for preschoolers at risk for ADHD, even though not specifically designed for this population.
  • Generic behavioral interventions can successfully address the needs of preschoolers with externalizing behaviors and comorbid ADHD symptoms.
  • Findings support the use of PFS for early intervention in young children exhibiting behavioral challenges.