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Accelerating fishes increase propulsive efficiency by modulating vortex ring geometry.

Otar Akanyeti1,2, Joy Ortega3,4, Yuzo R Yanagitsuru3

  • 1The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080; jliao@whitney.ufl.edu ota1@aber.ac.uk.

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Swimming animals use a universal pattern for forward acceleration, unlike their diverse steady swimming styles. This discovery in aquatic locomotion reveals how tail movements enhance thrust efficiently.

Keywords:
accelerationfishhydrodynamicsundulatory swimmingvortex ring

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and Fluid Dynamics of Aquatic Locomotion
  • Comparative Animal Physiology
  • Robotics and Bio-inspired Engineering

Background:

  • Steady swimming strategies in aquatic animals are well-understood.
  • Mechanisms of forward acceleration in swimming animals remain largely unknown.
  • Significant diversity exists in steady swimming behaviors across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental differences between steady swimming and forward acceleration.
  • To identify a conserved hydrodynamic principle governing aquatic acceleration.
  • To explore how propulsive efficiency is achieved during acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and robotics principles.
  • Empirical analysis of fish swimming patterns during acceleration.
  • Examination of vortex ring geometry and its relation to thrust generation.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral diversity in steady swimming collapses into a single pattern during acceleration.
  • Tail kinematics during acceleration enhance propulsive efficiency by altering vortex ring geometry.
  • Propulsion can be increased without a corresponding increase in vortex ring size.

Conclusions:

  • A fundamental hydrodynamic principle underlies aquatic forward acceleration.
  • This principle appears conserved across aquatic, undulatory vertebrates.
  • Findings challenge current understanding of acceleration hydrodynamics.