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Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: A Systematic Review
Jacopo Tosi1,2, Fabrizio Taffoni3,4, Marco Santacatterina5
1NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, School of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy. j.tosi@unicampus.it.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 14, 2017
Summary
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) offers good performance and low power consumption for embedded sensors. This review analyzes BLE
Area of Science:
- * Pervasive computing and wireless sensor networks.
- * Embedded systems and Internet of Things (IoT).
Background:
- * Small, compact sensors are integral to modern applications like wearables and e-health.
- * Wireless transmission is crucial for these embedded systems.
- * Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is increasingly popular due to its balance of performance, low power, and widespread adoption.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review methodologies for investigating Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) performance.
- * To analyze the current state-of-the-art characteristics and performance limits of BLE technology.
Main Methods:
- * In-depth description of the BLE protocol, including its characteristics and implementation details.
- * Review of existing literature on BLE performance metrics.
- * Analysis of key performance indicators: throughput, power consumption, latency, range, and network capacity.
Main Results:
- * Theoretical BLE throughput can reach ~230 kbps, but practical applications often achieve ~100 kbps.
- * Maximum BLE range is typically limited to tens of meters, dependent on radio power.
- * Network capacity (number of nodes) is generally below 10 and influenced by connection parameters and device specifics.
- * Power consumption and latency are highly variable, depending on numerous parameters.
Conclusions:
- * Current BLE performance is often below theoretical maximums, necessitating further investigation.
- * Analytical models for BLE characteristics exist, but rigorous experimental validation is needed.
- * Understanding the practical limitations of BLE is essential for optimizing embedded sensor applications.
