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    Macrophages, crucial white blood cells, play a dual role in cancer. While they can fight tumors, cancer often reprograms them to promote tumor growth, impacting prognosis and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Macrophages are key immune cells involved in inflammation and cancer.
    • They can exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor functions.
    • Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) often promote cancer progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the complex role of macrophages in cancer.
    • To understand how cancer cells manipulate macrophage functions.
    • To highlight the implications for cancer prognosis and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on macrophage-cancer interactions.
    • Analysis of the dual functions of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
    • Examination of how cancer treatments affect macrophage activity.

    Main Results:

    • Macrophages can initiate anti-cancer immune responses.
    • Cancer cells reprogram macrophages into pro-tumorigenic phenotypes.
    • Pro-tumoral macrophages enhance angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression.
    • High macrophage infiltration correlates with poor cancer prognosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Macrophages have a significant, often detrimental, impact on cancer progression.
    • Targeting macrophage accumulation and function is a promising therapeutic strategy.
    • New drugs are being developed to re-educate pro-tumoral macrophages into anti-tumoral ones, with some in clinical trials.