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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging

Published on: July 16, 2021

Developmental control of macrophage function.

Johnny Bonnardel¹, Martin Guilliams¹

¹Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Current Opinion in Immunology

|December 17, 2017

Summary

Novel tools reveal multiple macrophage progenitors, suggesting distinct functions arise from different cellular origins rather than plasticity. Further research needs functional fate-mapping to understand true macrophage plasticity in vivo.

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Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage Production

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Recent advances in fate-mapping and single-cell RNA sequencing have identified diverse macrophage progenitor populations.
This discovery challenges the traditional view of macrophages as a functionally plastic cell type.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact of cellular origin on macrophage function.
To discuss the plasticity versus heterogeneity debate in macrophages, particularly in inflammation.
To propose the development of functional fate-mapping tools for studying macrophage plasticity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on macrophage biology, fate-mapping, and single-cell RNA sequencing.
Analysis of the implications of progenitor diversity on macrophage function.
Conceptualization of novel experimental approaches.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests that distinct macrophage subsets may arise from different embryonic or adult hematopoietic origins.
The observed functional diversity might be attributed to cellular heterogeneity rather than solely to plasticity.
The origin of macrophages significantly influences their functional specialization, especially during inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

Macrophage heterogeneity, driven by distinct cellular origins, is a key factor in their diverse functions.
Understanding the precise contribution of origin versus plasticity requires advanced 'functional fate-mapping' techniques.
Future research should focus on developing tools to track functional states to elucidate true in vivo macrophage plasticity.