Anatomical and physiological considerations regarding the temporomandibular joint

Area of Science:

• Anatomy and Histology
• Physiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• The human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is complex, with ongoing fundamental questions regarding its structure and function.
• A thorough understanding of TMJ anatomy and histology is essential for interpreting clinical findings and radiographic images.
• Existing theories on TMJ physiology present controversies, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a clinically oriented description of the TMJ's normal anatomy and histology.
• To highlight areas requiring further research in TMJ physiology and function.

Main Methods:

• Detailed description of the mandibular head, articular fossa and eminence, articular disc, capsule, ligaments, and synovial membrane.
• Explanation of the TMJ's innervation and the normal relationships between its components.
• Review of existing literature on TMJ physiology and function.

Main Results:

• A comprehensive overview of the TMJ's anatomical and histological features is presented.
• The study identifies gaps in knowledge regarding TMJ physiology and functional coordination.
• Key areas for future research include the interplay between the two TMJs, muscles, and dentition.

Conclusions:

• A detailed anatomical and histological understanding of the TMJ is foundational for clinical practice and research.
• Significant research is still required to resolve controversies in TMJ physiology and elucidate its complex functional coordination.