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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

1.9K
Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
1.9K
Deflection of a Beam01:19

Deflection of a Beam

756
Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
Singularity functions, described in an earlier lesson, are powerful mathematical tools that represent discontinuities within a function commonly encountered in structural loading...
756
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

485
In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
485
Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

Principal Stresses in a Beam

764
In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
Analyzing principal stresses is crucial, especially in...
764
Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

437
The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
437
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

450
Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
450

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[External beam radiotherapy cone beam-computed tomography-based dose calculation].

A Barateau1, M Céleste2, C Lafond3

  • 1Inserm U1099, campus de Beaulieu, 263, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France; Laboratoire traitement du signal et de l'image (LTSI), université Rennes 1, campus de Beaulieu, 263, avenue du Général-Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|December 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers potential for dose calculation in radiotherapy, but accuracy depends on image quality and chosen methods. While discrepancies are often low, careful strategy selection is crucial for reliable dose-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

Keywords:
Calcul de doseCone beam-computed tomography (CBCT)Dose calculationRadiotherapyRadiothérapie

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • External beam radiotherapy dose planning relies on computed tomography (CT) images.
  • Accurate dose calculation requires correlating Hounsfield numbers with electron densities for tissue heterogeneities.
  • Cone beam CT (CBCT) is used in image-guided radiotherapy for visualization and registration, with potential for dose calculation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for CBCT-based dose calculation in radiotherapy.
  • To assess the accuracy and limitations of CBCT for dose calculation and reporting.
  • To identify promising methods for dose-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature analysis of strategies for CBCT-based dose calculation.
  • Evaluation of three main strategies: Hounsfield number-density curves, density override, and deformable image registration.
  • Comparison of CBCT-based dose calculation with reference CT-based calculations.

Main Results:

  • CBCT-based dose calculation accuracy is influenced by image quality, Hounsfield number consistency, and acquisition volume size.
  • Discrepancies between CT-based and CBCT-based dose calculations are typically below 3% but can reach 10% with suboptimal methods.
  • The accuracy of CBCT-based dose calculation is largely independent of the specific method employed.

Conclusions:

  • Several strategies exist for CBCT-based dose calculation, with varying degrees of success.
  • While promising, automated implementation of these strategies requires further improvement for routine clinical use.
  • CBCT shows potential for dose reporting and monitoring in adaptive radiotherapy, contingent on methodological advancements.