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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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What is an Ecosystem?01:17

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Overview
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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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Do reef corals age?

John C Bythell1, Barbara E Brown1,2, Thomas B L Kirkwood3,4

  • 1School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|December 29, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reef corals, potentially immortal organisms, show molecular indicators of aging. This review highlights their value for studying aging evolution and ecological impacts under environmental stress.

Keywords:
ageingcoraldeterminate growthimmortalityindeterminate growthmortalitysenescence

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Reef corals, ancient metazoans, offer unique advantages for aging research, including fossil records and individual polyp aging markers.
  • While often considered potentially immortal, recent findings suggest molecular indicators of aging in reef corals.
  • Some coral species exhibit catastrophic mortality under stress, unlike juveniles, hinting at age-related decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To promote research into reef coral aging.
  • To establish reef corals as a model for studying the evolution of aging in early metazoans.
  • To investigate the role of coral aging in ecological impacts, especially under environmental stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on coral biology, aging indicators, and environmental stress responses.
  • Analysis of coral life history traits, including growth, reproduction, and regeneration.
  • Examination of molecular and physiological markers associated with aging in various coral species.

Main Results:

  • Detection of putative molecular indicators of aging in reef corals.
  • Observation of age-related declines in reproduction, regeneration, and growth rate in mature colonies.
  • Identification of increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and disease in older coral individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Reef corals present a valuable model for understanding the evolution of aging.
  • Coral aging is a significant factor in reef ecosystem resilience to environmental change.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and implications of aging in reef corals.