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Related Concept Videos

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Tobacco Hornworm as an Insect Model System for Cannabinoid Pre-clinical Studies
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Cannabinoids and Symptomatic Bradycardia.

Mark R Heckle1, Mannu Nayyar1, Scott E Sinclair2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|January 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabinoids from marijuana can cause serious heart problems like slow heart rate and cardiac arrest, even in healthy individuals. Doctors should recognize these risks in chronic marijuana users.

Keywords:
CannabinoidsHeartSinus bradycardiaSyncope

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cannabinoids are the primary psychoactive components of marijuana.
  • Cardiovascular adverse events associated with cannabinoid use are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the adverse cardiovascular consequences of cannabinoid consumption.
  • To inform healthcare professionals about potential cardiac risks in chronic marijuana users.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and case reports on marijuana users experiencing cardiac events.
  • Analysis of the physiological effects of cannabinoids on the cardiovascular system.

Main Results:

  • Cannabinoids are linked to symptomatic sinus bradycardia (slow heart rate).
  • Cases of sinus arrest (cessation of normal heart rhythm) and ventricular asystole (cardiac arrest) have been reported.
  • These adverse effects can occur in individuals without pre-existing health conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must be aware of the significant cardiovascular risks associated with chronic marijuana use.
  • Prompt recognition and management of cannabinoid-induced cardiac events are crucial for patient outcomes.