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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction00:57

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The reverse of the aldol addition reaction is called the retro-aldol reaction. Here, the carbon–carbon bond in the aldol product is cleaved under acidic or basic conditions to form two molecules of carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of the reaction consists of three steps.
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Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
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Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, poor leaving groups. However, ethers readily undergo acidic-cleavage reactions. Ethers can be converted to alkyl halides when heated with strong acids such as HBr and HI in a sequence of two substitution reactions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of γ-Secretase-mediated Amyloid Precursor Protein and Notch Cleavage in Cell-based Luciferase Reporter Assay Platforms
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Notch after cleavage.

Sarah J Bray1, Maria Gomez-Lamarca1

  • 1Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|January 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Notch signaling activation, involving cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD), is more complex than previously thought. Tissue-specific factors and epigenetics influence its gene targets, challenging the simple model.

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Quantitative Measurement of γ-Secretase-mediated Amyloid Precursor Protein and Notch Cleavage in Cell-based Luciferase Reporter Assay Platforms
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Notch signaling is crucial in cell-cell communication and development.
  • Previously, Notch activation was modeled as cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) binding to CSL to activate gene expression.
  • Variability in Notch activation outcomes across cell types suggested a more complex regulatory network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexities governing Notch target gene selection in different cell types.
  • To explore the roles of tissue-specific factors, epigenetics, and co-factors in Notch signaling regulation.
  • To re-evaluate the downstream events following NICD cleavage.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide studies to identify regulatory elements and binding partners.
  • Analysis of tissue-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifications.
  • Investigation of co-factor involvement in enhancer regulation.

Main Results:

  • Genome-wide studies reveal significant roles for tissue-specific transcription factors and epigenetics in Notch pathway regulation.
  • Identification of co-factors that modulate enhancer activity in Notch signaling.
  • Evidence suggests post-translational modifications of NICD may influence its function.

Conclusions:

  • The simple model of Notch signaling is insufficient to explain the diverse outcomes observed.
  • Tissue-specific transcription factors, epigenetics, and co-factors are critical regulators of Notch target gene selection.
  • Post-translational modifications of NICD add another layer of complexity to Notch pathway regulation.