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Resilience and efficiency in transportation networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban planning
  • Transportation engineering
  • Network science

Background:

  • Urban transportation systems are prone to disruptions like congestion and weather.
  • Current policies often focus on efficiency, neglecting resilience to disruptions.
  • Analytic support for investments in system resilience is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and evaluate the resilience of urban road networks.
  • To compare urban road network efficiency and resilience.
  • To inform infrastructure investment decisions by considering resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Represented urban road networks as graphs with nodes (intersections) and links (road segments).
  • Developed and calibrated a traffic delay model using link loads as centrality measures.
  • Estimated efficiency as average annual delay and resilience as the change in efficiency after disruptions.

Main Results:

  • Modeled traffic delays closely matched observed data for most cities, except NYC.
  • Resilience varied significantly across cities; a 5% link loss caused 9.5%-56.0% delay increases.
  • Some inefficient systems were resilient, while some efficient systems were fragile.

Conclusions:

  • Urban road network resilience is a critical factor often overlooked in favor of efficiency.
  • Infrastructure investments should explicitly consider resilience alongside efficiency.
  • Prioritizing resilience can improve urban transportation system robustness against disruptions.