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Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis
Divyanshu Dubey1, Sean J Pittock1,2, Cecilia R Kelly1
1Departments of Neurology.
Annals of Neurology
|January 3, 2018
Summary
Autoimmune encephalitis has a similar prevalence and incidence to infectious encephalitis, with increasing detection rates over time. This condition is more common in African Americans and has a higher relapse rate.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and infectious encephalitis (IE) are serious neurological conditions.
- Understanding their comparative epidemiology is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the incidence and prevalence of AE versus IE.
- To identify trends and demographic differences in encephalitis cases.
Main Methods:
- Population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota (1995-2015).
- AE diagnosed by 2016 criteria; IE required confirmed pathogen.
- Age- and sex-adjusted rates calculated; uncertain etiology cases excluded.
Main Results:
- AE prevalence (13.7/100,000) and incidence (0.8/100,000 person-years) were comparable to IE.
- AE incidence increased significantly from 1995-2005 to 2006-2015 (0.4 to 1.2/100,000).
- Higher AE incidence and prevalence in African Americans vs. Caucasians; AE had more relapses.
Conclusions:
- AE and IE have similar population-level burden.
- Increasing AE detection is linked to improved autoantibody diagnostics.
- Disparities in AE occurrence exist across racial groups.
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